Abstract: The aminoglycosides are the mainstay in the treatment of serious gram-negative systemic infections. These are the broad spectrum antibiotics, and could be used for many infections of body systems. A disadvantage of the aminoglycosides is their association with nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity, all are associated with elevated serum levels. This article is carried out to give informations about mechanisms of toxicities and their pathology, which is highlighted on aspects of biochemistry, functional, and structural.