Abstract: Most of nephrotic syndrome cases in children are idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Approximately 90% of patients who get prednisone therapy will have remissions, nevertheless 60‐70% will get relapse. The ojective is to identify risk factors for first year relapse in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. This design is Case control study. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome patients who are steroid sensitive diagnosed in Dr Sardjito hospital rom 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2003 with prednisone therapy 60 mg/m2/day, maximal 80 mg/day for 4 weeks and whose age are between 3 months to 16 years are included in the study. Relapse occurrence until 1 year after diagnose is assessed. Assessed risk factors of relapse are gender, age when diagnosed, hematuri, serum total protein, serum albumin, serum cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinin, and hematocrit. All data were taken from medical records. There are 73 patients who comprised 51 (69.9%) boys and 22 (30.1%) girls. Thirty one (42.5%) patients have relapse in the first year; 22 (71.0%) infrequent relapse, 4 (12.9%) frequent relapse, and 5
(16.1%) steroid dependent. Statistically significant risk factors after univariate analysis are hematuri (OR 3.33;95% CI 1.17‐9.44), low serum total protein (p=0.005), and low serum albumin (p=0.032). Statistically significant risk factors after multivariate analysis are hematuri (OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.037‐10.631), and low serum total protein (p=0.043). The conclusion of this research is Hematuri and low serum total protein are the risk factors for first year relapse in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
Keywords: idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, risk factor, relapse, hematuri, serum total protein, serum albumin.